(Solved by Humans)-1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) If material "A"

Question

Biology Multiple Choice/Short Answer! Please see attached file.

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)





If
material
?A?
stretches
20%
when
a
very
small
tensile
stress
is
applied
and
material
?B?

stretches
1%
when
the
same
tensile
stress
is
applied

a) the
elastic
modulus
(intrinsic
stiffness)
is
higher
for

material
?A?
than
for
material
?B?


b) the
elastic
modulus
(intrinsic
stiffness)
is
higher
for

material
?B?
than
for
material
?A?


c) this
tells
us
nothing
about
intrinsic
stiffness

d) extensibility
is
higher
for
material
?B?

than
for
material
?A?



Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
about
stretched
samples
of
identical
materials?

a) All
the
stretched
samples
will
break
at
the
same
absolute
change
in
length

b) All
the
stretched
samples
will
break
at
the
same
stress

c) If
the
stress-??strain
curves
of
all
the
samples
were
plotted,
the
initial
slopes
would
all
be
the

same

d) All
the
samples
would
have
the
same
Young?s
modulus
(E),
regardless
of
sample
length
or

cross-??sectional
area



Which
of
the
following
athletes
is
likely
to
have
leg
muscles
with
the
lowest
proportion
of
slow

oxidative
cells?

a) long-??distance
runner



b) sprinter

c) rock
climber

d) Tour
de
France
competitor



If
vertebrate
skeletal
muscles
?A?
and
?B?
(at
right,
both
relaxed)
have
the

same
mass
and
volume,
which
of
the
following
is
FALSE:

a) ?B?
has
more
sarcomeres
in
parallel
than
?A?

b) ?A?
will
generate
less
force
than
?B?

c) During
contraction,
length
of
?A?
will
change
less
than
length
of
?B?

d) ?A?
has
more
sarcomeres
in
series
than
?B?
does



If
a
lever
system
has
a
force
advantage
greater
than
1

a) it
can?t
be
a
Class
2
lever
(i.e.,
like
a
wheelbarrow)

b) it
can?t
be
a
Class
1
lever
(i.e.,
like
a
seesaw)

c) it
can?t
be
a
Class
3
lever
(i.e.,
like
salad
tongs)

d) it
could
be
a
Class
1,
Class
2,
or
Class
3
lever,
depending
on
how
far
from
the
center
the

fulcrum
is
positioned



When
troponin
binds
calcium

a) troponin?s
conformation
changes

b) a
change
in
the
conformation
of
troponin
leads
to
a
change
in
the
conformation
of

tropomyosin

c) a
change
in
the
conformation
of

tropomyosin
leads
to
the
exposure
of
myosin
binding
sites

on
the
actin
strands

d) All
of
the
above
are
true














7) A
solid
cylinder
made
of
a
given
amount
of
material
could
be
made
be
more
resistant
to

buckling
by

a) increasing
the
length
and
decreasing
the
diameter,
keeping
it
solid
throughout

b) expanding
the
diameter
of
the
cylinder,
leaving
a
hollow
tube
within

c) simply
drilling
out
the
center
along
its
entire
length
since
this
will
increase
the
Euler

buckling
force

d) All
of
the
above
would
strengthen
the
cylinder



8) When
the
branch
of
a
tree
is
bending
under
the
weight
of
heavy
snow,
it
is
less
likely
to
break
if

a) the
wood
on
the
upper
side
of
the
branch
is
strong
under
tension

b) the
wood
on
the
lower
side
of
the
branch
is
strong
under
tension

c) the
radius
of
the
branch
is
small

d) the
wood
on
the
upper
side
of
the
branch
is
strong
under
compression



9) Gliding

a) Requires
lift-??generating
structures
with
lots
if
surface
area

b) Has
evolved
independently
in
many
different
groups
of
animals
and
plants

c) Is
distinct
from
powered
flight
(as
well
as
soaring)
in
that
altitude
is
only
lost,
never
gained

d) All
of
the
above
are
true



10)
For
penguins
or
sea
turtles,
which
propel
themselves
through
the
water
using
lift-??based
thrust,

which
of
the
following
is
FALSE?

a) The
basic
position
of
the
swimming
appendages
is
perpendicular
relative
to
the
general

direction
of
travel,
but
the
appendages
are
rotated
to
redirect
lift
in
whatever
direction
is

needed


b) Hydrofoils
(e.g.,
penguin
wings,
sea
turtle
forelimbs)
are
oriented
so
that
much
of
the
lift

force
generated
is
oriented
in
the
direction
of
desired
travel


c) Lift
can
only
be
generated
at
low
speeds

d) Penguins
&
sea
turtles
essentially
?fly?
through
the
water



11) Which
of
the
following
statements
about
the
importance
of
drag
for
animals
moving
through

fluids
(air,
water)
is
FALSE?

e) Drag
makes
forward
movement
more
difficult,
but
with
an
investment
of
energy,
it
can
also

be
used
to
help
move
a
swimmer
forward

f) For
larger
&
faster
animals
(e.g.,
birds),
pressure
drag
is
generally
more
significant
than

friction
(viscous)
drag

g) For
smaller
&
slower
animals
(e.g.,
swimming
protozoans),
pressure
drag
is
generally
more

significant
than
friction
(viscous)
drag

h) When
no
lift
is
being
produced,
there
is
no
induced
drag




12)
If
two
objects
of
the
same
material
have
different
cross-??sectional
areas
and
are
subjected
to
an

increasing
compressive
load
until
failure,

a) the
one
with
the
larger
cross-??sectional
area
will
fail
at
a
higher
stress

b) the
one
with
the
smaller
cross-??sectional
area
will
fail
at
a
higher
stress

c) they
will
fail
at
the
same
applied
force

d) the
one
with
the
larger
cross-??sectional
area
will
require
more
force
to
make
it
fail






13)
If
we
scale
up
an
ant
isometrically
to
the
size
of
a
human,
which
of
the
following
is
FALSE?

a) The
ability
of
its
muscles
to
generate
force
will
increase
as
a
function
of
the
square
of
our

linear
scaling
factor

b) Its
muscle
mass
will
increase
as
a
function
of
the
cube
of
our
linear
scaling
factor

c) It
will
be
able
to
lift
heavier
objects
than
its
tiny
ant
buddies

d) Mass-??specific
muscle
strength
will
be
higher
for
our
giant
ant
than
for
her
tiny
ant
buddies





14)
In
the
scenes
below,
a
man
is
using
tools
in
combination
with
force
generated
by
his
muscles
to

move
snow
and
lift
his
car.









a) Based
on
the
diagram,
how
many
pounds
of
snow
can
the
man
lift
with
his
shovel,
assuming

he
applies
100
pounds
of
upward
force
at
the
location
marked
?Effort??
Show
your
work.







b) Based
on
the
diagram,
how
many
pounds
can
the
jack
lift,
assuming
the
man
applies
10

pounds
of
downward
force
at
the
location
marked
?Effort??
Show
your
work.







15)

When
you
do
a
pull-??up
or
push-??up,
which
stage(s)
(early/middle/late)
is/are
most
difficult
and

why?